traditio A Roman law workshop

Having it.
Owning it.

A mule changes hands. Its civil title stays behind.
Change the facts and follow the difference.

Gaius, Institutes · Second century CE
Latin, explained through three ownership cases.

Who owns the mule?

The thing
How Lucius conveys it

What makes the formality? Try the bronze and balance, then the magistrate.

A valid sale, capable citizens, uninterrupted possession. Read the assumptions.

LuciusOwner and seller
AulusBuyer and possessor
PossessionWho possesses it?
Aulus
Civil titleex iure Quiritium
Lucius
Bonitary positionin bonis · 2.41
Aulus
One thing; distinct legal positions. The drawing is schematic.

Let possession continue

Aulus has the thing. Lucius retains civil title.

What makes the difference?

    Two legal positions in one thing

    A counterexample is a case, not a slogan

    Try to break this rule.

    An optional exercise in reading an exception.
    The claims below are deliberately too broad.

    The words behind the cases

    Read Gaius with the page beside you.

    Select an underlined phrase for its meaning
    and the work it does in the argument.

    Two legal positions in one thing

    Select a phrase in the Latin to read it closely.

    Close English translation

    Choose a claim in the counterexample exercise to collect evidence.

    Transcribed from the 1904 edition. ⟨…⟩ = editorial supply; […] = our omission. Edition and text policy.

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    About this edition and the retained evidence

    The book is a modern printed edition of an ancient text, not an ancient manuscript facsimile. Its notes and English are editorial evidence. Compare the Roman Law Library's Poste transcription.

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